Yoga, training and health inspiration for you

How can yoga help us to find our way towards restful states and to move our bodies? I will tell you more about yoga’s benefits and what the research says.

Pockets of time where we can catch our breath

Whatever happened to margins, air in the schedule, and our perspectives on tempo? In our modern society, in the chase for efficiency and performance, we quite often find ourselves with packed schedules ready to burst. We seem to somehow have removed the margins, those pockets of time where we can catch our breath and relax. Not only have we built away moments for doing ‘nothing’, moments of physical movement also seem to have gotten lost.

The question I will address here is, how can yoga help us to find our way towards restful states and to move our bodies? I will tell you more about yoga’s benefits and what the research says.

Yoga as a support for physical and mental health (challenges)

Yoga is unique. It is unique in the way that it contains both movement and rest, two things that many of us lack today. This is true from us as individuals, bur also for our society. We have built away getting between places through movement, we have built away the margins in our schedules that would have given us recovery. To mention a few.

Although our health has generally improved over the past 100 years, with increased life expectancy and fewer deaths and infectious diseases, we face other problems. Challenges we face are all the years that we live but with reduced health and function. Today, it is (too) common to be struggling with mental illness such as depression, stress and fatigue, pain e.g. It is easy to think that it does not concern you or me, but most likely you will have already experienced something of the mentioned yourself, or have had someone close to you who has. When challenges like this hit you or your loved ones, it can be very helpful to have wellness and coping strategies at hand.

Fortunately, I think we as communities are starting to realize that many are facing these challenges, and we now know that we can do something about it. But then, what can we do? Yoga might be the answer.

What is yoga?

In order to be able to answer what yoga ’works for’, let's for a moment concretize what we mean by yoga. Even though yoga can take many shapes and forms, within the (medical) scientific landscape, yoga can be described, mainly, as having the following four components:

• Low-intensity form of physical activity
• Relaxation
• Breath
• Meditation

When researchers investigate the reason why we engage in yoga, it is mainly two reasons that come up:

• For wellbeing and to prevent ill-health.
• To take care of pre-existing health problems such as depression, exhaustion, pain, and anxiety.

Reserach shows effects from breathing exercises and meditation

• When you have two minutes to spare:
  Some researchers investigated the effect of slow breathing on a group of yoga beginners. By breathing slowly for two minutes, both blood pressure and the experience of anxiety were lowered. The likely mechanism behind the effect is increased activation of the calming part of the nervous system. Exciting news, as a large percentage of us walk around with high blood pressure, much due to our lifestyles with a lack of physical activity and stress management.

• When you want to sleep better:
  The hours of sleep in the day are your most important restorer. The hormone melatonin is an important regulator in the body to stimulate sleep. Some researchers, therefore, wanted to investigate melatonin levels in connection with meditation. A small group of experienced meditators meditated with different techniques, one group meditated for 30 minutes with one technique and another for 60 minutes with another. The meditation took place at midnight just before melatonin levels are at their peak. Blood samples were taken once an hour to measure levels, between 10 pm and 2 am. Another night the same things were measured but without the meditation to check for any differences in levels. Both groups got increased levels of melatonin the night they meditated. The researchers, therefore, theorized about how this effect can positively affect sleep. Most likely, meditation can be practiced at any time of the day, depending on the effect you want to achieve. So you don't necessarily have to meditate in the morning, or at midnight.

The effects of yoga compared to other physical activity

The calmer components of yoga can thus have a positive effect on things that have a strong connection to our health. However, most research that has been done on yoga involves yoga's physical activity components of some kind.

So how does yoga compare to other physical activity? This is something that is currently being researched intensively. As an example, one of the largest studies conducted on mild and moderate depression was conducted in Sweden, where several hundred participants took part. Three training groups (yoga, and two other cardio training groups) performed their training three times a week for 60 minutes, for a total of 12 weeks. That study showed that yoga produced the same effect as moderate- and high-intensity cardio exercise on lowering the level of depression, in particular compared to usual treatment.

In summary, yoga reminds us to move the body we were given and it can make us aware of how it feels at the moment. Yoga also reminds us to slow down, and pace the outer tempo with our inner tempo.

Yoga in the future

Change is inevitable, but which direction change takes can often be influenced by the actions we and our communities choose to take.

I believe that we have to start to rethink how we construct our schedules in the present moment, and for the future. In politics, at workplaces, at schools, in our residential areas, and at home. Building sustainable practices and communities means bringing back the margins and pockets of space in our schedules to do nothing, as well as for opportunities to move and relax. To create opportunities for yoga. As individuals, we must show that we want change through the choices we make on a daily basis. We must be the role models we want others to be for us. For ourselves, but above all, for others. It is something we can do together. Every small change matter, because it accumulates into something bigger. Our vision about the future begins right now, in this exact moment, through action. I guess next question is: what will your next step be?

Foto: Malin Wittig, copywright Bonnier Fakta (top image)

Playlists and more to read about science and yoga

• Evening routines – how to end your day feeling relaxed
• What i s trauma yoga?
• Yoga och forskning (in Swedish) with Sara Hoy

Videos to get you started

• Playlist: Yoga & Vetenskap (in Swedish), by Sara Hoy
• All videos in our library:
  • Breathing exercises
  • Yoga classes

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Refereces:

• Prevalence and patterns of adult yoga use in the United States: results of a national survey.
• Cardiovascular and Respiratory Effect of Yogic Slow Breathing in the Yoga Beginner: What Is the Best Approach?
• Acute increases in night-time plasma melatonin levels following a period of meditation.
• Training fast or slow? Exercise for depression: A randomized controlled trial.

Is there a trick that is as effective for health as vacationing? The psychologists in an American-Dutch research team believe that meditation can be that.

Meditation provides similar health effects as a vacation day

A research team at the University of Groeningen in the Netherlands has investigated what health effects meditation can have in everyday life - compared to having vacation. The study showed great similarities!

The participants in the study were about 40 university students, all of whom were beginners in meditation. For eight weeks, participants did a meditation every two weeks, and no meditation every other week. The meditation was a 15-minute pre-recorded guided meditation  and the participants had to complete an evaluation every night.

Participants reported fewer negative emotions and greater well-being during the days they meditated. During these days, they also found it easier to observe their sensory experiences, describe thoughts and feelings, and resist emotional impulses. All of these qualities describe mindfulness well – being in a present, non-judgmental state.

During the meditation days, the participants agreed more with statements such as "I was more aware of things like the ticking of a clock, birdsong and passing vehicles" and "I was aware of my feelings without getting lost in them". This was also true for the people who were studied during their vacation.

Meditate and gain more stability in your emotions

One of the researchers behind the study, Christopher May, told the psychology site PsyPost that only 15 minutes of meditation is associated with similar effects as a full vacation day in terms of mindfulness aspects.

– Both the meditators and the holidaymakers reported increased attention to their surroundings and increased stability in their emotional experiences.

But how were the effects on well-being in general? The holidaymakers had more far-reaching positive effects on the overall well-being. But the researchers says that their results only show the effect on beginners who have meditated for shorter periods – regular meditation has even deeper effects and is also built on over time.

– We jokingly write in our article that if you are short on time, you can sit on a meditation pillow – if you have plenty of time, you can sit on a beach chair, says Christopher May.

Who says you cannot do both this summer? Meditate and go on vacation that is. Take a break, focus on your breathing and check in for a while.

Source: Chef.se

Read more about meditation, mindfulness & research

• What is metta meditation?
• Can mindfulness help the growing brain in children and adolescents?
• Design your life – create good habits with the help of yoga and meditation, by Emma Öberg.

Videos with meditation online

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Mindfulness can help you focus, feel happier and reduce your anxiety. But what does research say about mindfulness for children? And what happens when schools have mindfulness on the schedule? Read more about how mindfulness can help children and young people – while their brains grow.

Mindfulness for children can lay the foundation for good habits

Mindfulness is a meditation technique that is about learning conscious presence, which increases the feeling of calm in both body and mind. Mindfulness is used today in care and psychotherapy to treat various stress symptoms and states of depression, anxiety and worry. Researchers have also shown that the practice of mindfulness and meditation can improve the immune system, lower blood pressure and even change the structure and function of the brain.

Developmental neurologist Hilary A. Marusak of Wayne State University, USA, has been interested in how mindfulness affects the brains of children and adolescents while it is still developing.

– I believe that mindfulness and meditation may be especially beneficial for children and teens because these skills may strengthen brain circuits that control the ability to focus and concentrate and to regulate emotions, which are maturing during this time. Establishing these habits early in life may also set the stage for good habits later in life, says Hilary A. Marusak.

How does mindfulness work?

When you practice mindfulness, you use all five senses: touch, hearing, sight, smell and taste, to focus on the present moment. One of the most common ways to practice mindfulness is to focus on your own breath.

The tendency for the mind to wander, or lose focus on the present, seems to be a standard state of brain function – and can actually be beneficial. The wandering thoughts can, among other things, trigger creativity. But the wandering mind can also go wrong and lead to excessive worry, focus on negative things or dwelling on the past. Research also shows that we are less happy when thoughts and minds wander than we are when we pay attention to the present.

Mindfulness can also help reduce distraction. Being distracted can disrupt children's ability to handle schoolwork, manage relationships with friends or family, or regulate emotions, which is a problem in today's fast-paced world of distractions everywhere.

Effects of mindfulness on the growing brain

Hilary A. Marusak's study examined how mindfulness affects brain connectivity in children and adolescents. The study scanned the brains of 42 children and adolescents between the ages of 7 and 17, using fMRI (Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging). Participants' degree of "natural awareness", mindfulness as a trait was also measured.

It turns out that children who are more attentive in the present can act more consciously. They also find it easier to observe and accept their inner experiences without judging them. Adolescents with greater attendance reported lower anxiety levels and their brains switched more often between different connectivity states during the scan.

Greater flexibility in the brain can help explain some of the perceived positive effects of mindfulness training in children and adolescents.

Mindfulness in school

Several schools today use mindfulness as a way to help students in school environment and in everyday life. Swedish television SVT reported, for example, about the International School ISGR in Gothenburg:

– We have noticed fantastic results with calmer and more focused students which has made both mine and their working environment much better, says teacher Camilla Martinsson.

At ISGR, three classes in grade four have done mindfulness exercises for ten minutes a day for just over a year. In 2020, mindfulness was introduced on the schedule in 20 classes at the school.

– There are far fewer social conflicts now. The children can follow the reasoning and join in in a different way, says Camilla Martinsson. Many of the students also say that they sleep better.

Read more about mindfulness in swedish!

Source: Oregon live, SVT, Göteborgs stad

Read more about yoga and mindfulness 

• Read more about mindfulness
• Going outside, being lost, and staying found, by Frida Boström.
• Managing hardship through connection, by Eleonora Ramsby Herrera.

Videos online –  mindfulness and breathing

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With the support of yogic breathing you can make small changes that lead to big ones. One breath at a time. Learn more about how the yogic practice of pranayama can work as an alternative method to cultivate well-being!

The health benefits of pranayama

Psychological distress and mental health difficulties
According to the World Health Organisation, mental health difficulties are a global issue. Studies conducted in the U.K., the U.S and in the Nordic countries, demonstrate that mental health difficulties and sources of psychological distress such as depression, anxiety and chronic stress are on the rise.

Adolescents and young adults seem to be suffering the most from these disorders, with suicide being the second leading cause of death in those aged 15-29. This matter needs to be taken seriously and acted upon. One way of doing this is to offer people in need the appropriate support through a variety of channels such as the national health care system, therapy work, community support groups, educational sources and self-care practices.

In recent years, alternative complementary therapies have been increasingly employed with people who are living with mental health difficulties. An example of this has been the integration of psychosomatic techniques such as yoga, dance and mindfulness meditation into therapy programmes, with the aim of improving people’s well-being. Studies show that people who are living with psychological difficulties can, in an attempt to support their healing process, draw from practices like yoga and mindfulness meditation to help improve their well-being. Furthermore, the findings of a ground-breaking journal article published in 2015 showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy is equally effective as antidepressants in the prevention of depressive relapse.

With yoga- and mindfulness-based therapies as our central focus, this article will introduce the yogic practice of pranayama as an alternative method to cultivate well-being, and will discuss its potential health benefits for a person’s overall health.

What is pranayama?

Without breath, we cannot live. The flow of breath regulates the movement of the life force i.e. prana in our bodies; our breath thus keeps us alive and vibrant. According to yoga philosophy, prana brings movement to the mind and by altering the flow of prana, we can alter the state of our mind. In part 1 of this article series, I discussed how the breath functions and how one can establish more free and harmonious breathing. Pranayama is different in that it does not refer to our natural breathing. Rather, it refers to particular breathing exercises whereby you consciously alter your natural breathing pattern in a controlled manner. Pranayama can thus be used as a tool to regulate prana and is described in the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali as follows:

• Pranayama is the conscious, deliberate regulation of the breath, replacing unconscious patterns of breathing (2.49).
• The regular practice of pranayama reduces the obstacles that inhibit clear perception.
• And the mind is now prepared for the process of direction toward a chosen goal (2.53).
  The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali (Desikashar, 1995: 181-182)

Dos and don’ts when practicing pranayama

Pranayama can have a strong effect on the body and mind. Therefore, all breathing exercises should be practiced purposefully and carefully. I recommend that you practice pranayama with the guidance of an experienced teacher. Best is to practice on an empty stomach. Avoid drinking caffeinated drinks before or after the practice. Make sure to include a couple of minutes of supine rest after practicing pranayama, to relax your nervous system.

Each breathing exercise has a certain effect on the body and mind. The effect will differ from person to person. Some pranayamas are more challenging than others, as they can involve breath retention and quicker inhalations, and exhalations. Deep fast breathing, and/or holding the breath for a long time can be triggering for some people who suffer from post-traumatic stress disorder, or have experienced panic attacks or psychosis in the past. Therefore, pranayama should be practiced with great care.

If you experience discomfort, dizziness, or a lack of breath, stop immediately and return to your own natural breath. Less is more when practicing pranayama. If you live with a medical condition of some kind, then make sure you consult your doctor before trying these exercises.

Exploring the practice of pranayama

Pranayama is an experiential practice. For the purposes of this article, I will introduce two basic pranayama exercises that are suitable for both beginners, as well as advanced students. I will include a brief instruction video and describe the benefits associated with each exercise.

Brahmari – the humming bee breath
This exercise is appropriate for beginners, as there is no breath retention, alternation between nostrils, or counting of breaths. The practitioner goes at their own pace. The sound makes it easier to give the practitioner something to focus on and they can further assess their breathing more easily by evaluating the quality and evenness of the sound.

Instruction video, for free:

Benefits: Brahmari changes your normal breathing rhythm by shortening the inhalation and prolonging the exhalation through the “hmmm” sound. This can have a significant impact on our physiological system. Research demonstrates that brahmari can help decrease heart rate and lower blood pressure. It is also associated with enhanced cognitive control and response inhibition. Brahmari can help to balance the autonomic nervous system, and induce the parasympathetic nervous system, which helps us to calm down. It can be practiced for mental relaxation and stress reduction.

Nadi Shodana – alternate nostril breathing
Alternate nostril breathing is a gentle exercise for the beginner, as well as the advanced student. Clear the nostrils before starting the exercise to ensure good airflow. The synchronisation of hand movements with the breath can be confusing at first. Give it a bit of time and practice to master.

Instruction video, for free:

Benefits: This exercise has shown to have a balancing effect on the activity of the two cerebral hemispheres, providing a more balanced state of mind and an improved attention span. Additionally, nadi shodana has shown to increase the amplitude of P300 – a brain wave that concerns cognitive function in decision making processes, helps one to discriminate between different stimuli, and affects attention and memory.

Our P300 is affected by our emotions and can decline in amplitude if we experience emotional distress. Alternate nostril breathing can reduce autonomic arousal and lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure rates, as well as increase one’s vital capacity, which improves overall wellbeing. With lower levels of arousals and anxiety, one can assume that this supports participants in feeling more relaxed, thus also increasing the amplitude of P300. Therefore, alternate nostril breathing helps one to concentrate better and to improve one’s performance in tasks requiring attention.

Contribute to your own healing and well-being
Our body has an innate capacity to heal and re-balance itself. Through the support of yogic breathing, conducted in a safe and responsible way, we can consciously contribute to this healing through our own initiative. Follow these videos on a daily basis and take note of how they make you feel. Small changes can lead to big ones. One breath at a time.

A social mission as well as an individual one
I wish to acknowledge that supporting the healing of people living with mental illness is a societal mission, as well as an individual commitment. It is not sufficient to put the sole responsibility on the person who is suffering, expecting them to be able to deal with their mental health difficulties by themselves.

Mental illness is a social issue that needs to be addressed not only by the individual person, but also within larger social structures, such as workplaces, schools, social and natural environments, social media, and so forth. Yoga can be a great tool to support us in coping with different stressors, and to help us improve our immune system. However, it alone is not a panacea for the characterisation and treatment of mental illness. Rather, we must work together to develop more comprehensive and tailor-made interventions for each individual, whilst addressing the roots of mental distress, which lie in an unequal social system, and its corresponding stigmas.

Read more

• Exploring the breath – part 1, by Eleonora Ramsby Herrera.
• Learn more about Pranayma through the online course The Art of Breathing!
• Prāṇa - does it really exist? by Simon Krohn.

References

• WHO, 2018
• Mental Health Foundation UK, 2018
• American Psychological Association, 2019
• Nordic Council of Ministries, 2018
• Pilkington et al. 2005
• Van der Kolk, 2015
• Van der Kolk et al. 2014: Rhodes, 2015: Price et al. 2017
• Kuyken et al. 2015
• Kuppusamy et al. 2018
• Telles, Singh, & Puthige, 2013
• Singh, Gaurav, & Parkash, 2011

Sara Lazar, at Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, have made several studies on how meditation affects the brain. Studies show that practicing meditation not only stimulates the activity in the brain, but actually has an impact on its physical structure.

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The researcher behind this study, Sara Lazar, was working out for the Boston marathon when she was ordered by her physiotherapist to focus on her stretching. She tried yoga and after some time started to notice a whole bunch of positive effects.

- The yoga teacher claimed that yoga and meditation could improve my compassion and open up my heart, Sara Lazar says. I thought “sure”. But eventually I actually noticed that I became calmer, and better at managing difficult situations. I also became more open-hearted and could easier see things from other people’s perspective. So I became interested to understand how it works.

This is how the study was conducted

In the first study, 20 people who regularly meditated were compared to a control group. They discovered that the people who meditated a lot had an increased substance of grey matter - a large part of the central nervous system that treats a lot of the information we take in - in the insular lobe and in the auditive and sensory cerebral cortex. Maybe it’s not so surprising, considering that when you're fully present, you pay attention to your breathing, the sounds around you and the present moment. They also found that the people who were used to meditate have more grey matter in the front cerebral cortex, that is linked to working memory and decision-making.

We know that our cerebral cortex shrinks when we get older – for instance it becomes harder to remember certain things. However, according to the study, 50 year olds who meditate have as much grey matter in the cerebral cortex as a 25-year old.

In the second study they wanted to find out if the people with more grey matter had it before they started to meditate. The study only included people who never meditated before. They were divided into two groups, one control group and one group who participated in a 8-week mindfulness program. The people in the mindfulness group joined a meditation class every week. They were also encouraged to meditate at home for 40 minutes every day, with the help of a sound file.

The result

After 8 weeks, the researchers could see changes in the five different parts of the brain. They saw in the people in the mindfulness group that the volume of the brain had grown in four areas. The biggest difference were seen in the back part of the cingulate cortex in the brains middle part, that receives signals from the limbic system for emotions, values and motivation. The left hippocampus, which is linked to learning, cognition, memory and emotional regulation, had become bigger. Hence, even areas associated with perspective taking, empathy, compassion as well as an area in the brain stem where a lot of regulating neurotransmitters are produced.

Also amygdala, the fight-or-flight response of the brain, that is important in regards to anxiety, fear and stress in general, changed in the group who meditated – it shrank.

Further reading

• Read more on meditation.
• Read more on mindfulness.

Read more about the studies here!

Why do some people worry more than others? What causes unease and anxiety and how do we get rid of it? Here we discuss eight new research studies on the subject.

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1. Be kind to others and reduce your anxiety
To do kind acts for other people can help the person suffering from social anxiety to have an easier time to socialize with others. In one study, the participants were divided into three groups. One of the groups did kind things for each other, such as doing the dishes for their roommates. The other group took part in different social situations without doing any kind acts. The third group was the control group. The study results showed that that the people performing good deeds were the ones who were most comfortable in social situations.

2. Why anxiety creates isolation
Research shows that anxiety makes us focus more on ourselves and reduce our empathy for other people. The result is that we have difficulties seeing things from other people’s perspective. This could be a factor of why anxiety feels so isolating.

3. Anxiety can run in the family
A hyperactive network in the areas of the brain can influence how children inherent anxiety and depression from their parents. It concerns three areas in the brain that cooperates to control our reaction of fear. A study shows that 35 percent of differences in anxiety could be explained by family history.

4. Sedentary life is connected to anxiety
Activities that don’t require much energy, such as watching TV, working by the computer or playing video games or computer games can be connected to anxiety. A new study shows that a sedentary lifestyle can increase your anxiety. The causes behind this connection are believed to be that your sleep are interrupted, lower metabolism and you become socially secluded.

5. Social anxiety linked to increased serotonin levels
Earlier it was believed that social anxiety is linked to low serotonin level in the brain, however, nowadays they believe it's high levels. Serotonin is a signal substance that among other things influence our mood and state of mind. People suffering from social anxiety tend to produce more of the neurotransmitter serotonin. And the more serotonin that is produced, the more anxiety follows.

6. Fermented food can help reduce anxiety
A study has shown that people who eat more fermented, that is acid, food suffer from less social anxiety. Fermented food contains lactic acid bacteria, probiotic, which you can find in for instance acid vegetables, sour milk, yoghurt and the Asian beverage kombucha.

7. Anxiety is contagious
Studies show that anxiety is ”contagious” and can be traced from parent to child and vice versa. The infectious nature of anxiety is a genetic factor.

8. Exercise and relaxation reduces anxiety
New research shows that relaxation techniques and exercise can help to combat anxiety because they change our way to perceive the world. After exercise or relaxation, we are less inclined to perceive the neutral signals as threatening, or negative, which we on the contrary do when we feel anxiety and are worried.

Calming & inspiring sequences 

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Read more about the studies here.

Are you in a unstoppable spiral where the days run together? Is it difficult to find the time to live between job, commuting, pickup and leaving, leisure activities and the never-ending pile of laundry? Here we discuss the research on Downshifting – less working hours and consuming less, to get more time for other things.

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Jörgen Larsson is time researcher at the sociological institute at Gothenburg University. He has done research on time constraints and families with young children. He is of the opinion that downshifting has had a great impact. But why? We make more money than before, does that not bring us more freedom?

– My research results show that ownership and consumption contributes to time constraints. The more you own, the worse it gets, Jörgen Larsson says to the Swedish TV channel SVT.

Jörgen Larsson shows in his research study “On parents' time pressure”  that the total amount of working hours for a mother and a father with young children has increased with 10 hours per week the last 30 years. This, together with increased consumption levels, is the cause for our growing time pressure. The problem with having enough time is the fourth most common discussion topic during the break at the office.

The research study conducted by Jörgen Larsson, included 1500 people and reveals that when we earn and spend more, we also feel more time pressure. Mothers’ working hours have increased and it has not led to any compensation of shorter working hours for the fathers, which creates less opportunity for us to manage all parts of life.

Do you own your things - or do they own you?
In regards to consumption, Jörgen Larsson mentions Ghandi who suggested that if we own more than 50 things, the things own us. Jörgen believes that we need question our own choices and priorities, which he himself has done. Because he knows how it is when you can't find the time to actually live. In his previous well-paid and stimulating job as a environment consult the tempo just became more intensive, the job took all the energy and there was nothing left for the family.

To change lifestyle is not an easy thing to do, and it requires willpower to say no to time-consuming activities. But persistency prevails. Larsson downshifted and now feels he can live more balanced life as well as more environmentally friendly.

It’s not only our own actions and notions that stand in the way of downshifting. According to Larsson's time research, less people are willing to work fewer hours if others don’t do it. There is a strong full-time norm in our society. It's all planned for you to work 40 hours per week. Only parents with young children are seen as having the right to work less – others are seen as different.

Question the norms and your own expectations
The study “On parents' time pressure” reveals the most important reason to downshift: personal development and your health. So how do we do it? Larsson suggests that we look over our expectations of what we have to do in our everyday life. And it’s good to question the norms! Find quick ways to do some of the things, sleep and exercise, ask for help from family and friends, and pay for certain services, and we increase the resources and energy to keep up with our expectations.

In his book ”Rik på riktigt” (Rich for real), Jörgen Larsson offers some tips on how we can think to have more time, connected to our consumption. Reflect over his questions below before you make your next purchase:

• Why do I really need this? Which needs does it fill?
• Is it worth the money? Which values do I get by buying this? More meaning? More love? Happiness? Peace? Will it give me more power in my daily life?
• What could I do instead (something else I would like to do) for the money?
• How many hours work does it actually cost?

Energy boost

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